四條噤吾

好友健一問我，維根斯坦功課四條問題究竟問的是甚麼？

這四條令我噤口不懂回答的問題，我在此貼出來供諸同好。但老實說，由於頗專門，所以大家未必有興趣。當中提及著作內文，由於頗長，所以我沒打出來，想知道的朋友請告訴我，我願意為任何有興趣了解維記哲人的朋友打！此外請別給當中的數學方程嚇怕，它跟問題重心毫無關係，總之是一條方程就是了。

A scientist studying the behaviour of cricketers catching balls discover that their behaviour of looking, running, raising their hands etc., is describable in terms of an elaborate mathematical equation specifying the relation between the rate of change in acceleration of the catcher's body and the rate of change in the acceleration of the ball.
一個科學家研究板球手捕球的行為，發現他們觀察、疾走、舉手等行為可用一條精巧數學方程描述，這條方程詳細說明了捕手身軀加速變化率與板球加速變化率之間的關係。

d2θ / dt2 = 0

He postulates that catchers must be using this equation in order to catch cricket balls. Since, when asked, cricketers profess not to understand the equation, the scientist postulates that they must be using the rule unconsciously or else it is encoded in their brains.
他因而假定板球手在捕球時必定採用了這條方程。然而，當板球手被問及時坦承並不懂得此方程，這個科學家便假定他們必定是無意識地使用了這條方程，又或它早已成為了他們腦中資訊的一部分。

Write some notes in response to the following questions:
試就下列問題寫下一點東西：

1. How do you think Wittgenstein would have reacted to this　　　 　　　hypothesis?
　你認為維根斯坦會如何回應這個假設？

2. What diagnosis of this claim would he have offered?
　對於這個聲稱，他會給予甚麼判斷？

3. What do you think is the relevance of § 191 (last sentence) 　　　　　　& § 193-4 in the Philosophical Investigations?
　你認為《哲學研究》中第191節（最後一句）和第193-4節與此有何關　　　係？

4. What other remarks from the Investigations do you think are　　　 　　　relevant?
　你認為《研究》中尚有哪些言論與此有關？